Daily updates 1 august 2019

National

1. India extends $500,000 assistance to Gambia
i. During the President Ram Nath Kovind's visit to Gambia, India has promised to extend an assistance of USD 500,000 to Gambia. 
ii. The assistance will contribute in supporting the skill development and cottage industry projects in the West African country.
iii. India has also received an instrument of ratification of the International Solar Alliance framework agreement from Gambia. 
iv. The two countries has also signed a MoU on Cooperation in the field of Traditional Systems of Medicine and Homeopathy.

Static/Current Takeaways Important For SBI Clerk Mains:

• President of Gambia: Adama Barrow; Capital: Banjul.

2. Dharmendra Pradhan launches Atal Community Innovation Centre
i. Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas & Steel has launched Atal Community Innovation Centre (ACIC) in New Delhi, to encourage the spirit of innovation at the community level.
ii. This initiative aim is to provide solution-driven design thinking to serve society. 
iii. Atal Innovation Mission has a key role to perform in order to achieve the target of five trillion dollar economy by 2025.

Static/Current Takeaways Important For RRB NTPC/IBPS RRB Mains 2019:

• Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas & Steel: Dharmendra Pradhan.

3. Lok Sabha to become paperless from next session
i. Lok Sabha Speaker has announced that the Lower House will become paperless from the next session. 
ii. This move will save crores of rupees to the exchequer.

Static/Current Takeaways Important For EPFO/LIC ADO Mains:

• Speaker of Lok Sabha: Om Birla.

4. Cabinet approves ISRO Technical Liaison Unit at Moscow
i. Cabinet has approved the setting up of ISRO Technical Liaison Unit (ITLU) at Moscow in Russia. 
ii. The unit will collaborate with Space agencies and industries in Russia and neighbouring countries for mutually synergetic outcomes. 
iii. ITLU will support the ongoing bilateral programmes of cooperation in space technology and will act on behalf of ISRO.

Static/Current Takeaways Important For SBI Clerk Mains:

• Chairman of ISRO: Dr K. Sivan; Headquarters: Bengaluru; Established: 1969.

5. Tarun Chaudhri becomes first IAF pilot to complete wingsuit skydive jump
i. Wing Commander Tarun Chaudhri has become the first Indian Air Force pilot to perform a wingsuit skydive jump. 
ii. Chaudhri achieved the feat during the Kargil Diwas celebrations at Air Force Station in Jodhpur.
iii. The jump was accomplished from a Mi-17 helicopter from an altitude of 8,500 feet. This is the first IAF Wing Suit Skydive Jump by a pilot who has flown and captained the same type of helicopter.

Static/Current Takeaways Important For EPFO/LIC ADO Main 2019:

• Chief of the Air Staff of IAF: BS Dhanoa.

Banking/ Business

6. India Post Payments Bank to be converted into SFB
i. The postal department has decided to convert the India Post Payments Bank into a small finance bank. 
ii. This bank will provide micro credit at the doorsteps to individuals and SME's. The postal department has also target the milestone of 1 crore accounts for IPPB in 100 days.
iii. India Post will partner with Common Service Centre to provide a suite of citizen centric services such as banking, remittance, insurance, DBT, bill and tax payments etc at post offices.

Rank and Report

7. London named the world’s best city for students
i. London has named the world’s best city for students for the 2nd consecutive year, beating Tokyo and Melbourne that came 2nd and 3rd, respectively, on a new worldwide ranking. 
ii.  According to the rankings, India’s best student city is Bengaluru (81st), followed by Mumbai (85th), Delhi at 113th and Chennai at 115th, out of a total of 120th cities in the list.
iii. The QS Best Student Cities Ranking compiled by global education consultancy QS Quacquarelli Symonds highlights each city’s performance across different categories.

Appointment

8. IFSG appoints Justice A.K. Sikri as ombudsman\
i. The Indian Federation of Sports Gaming (IFSG), country’s self-regulatory industry body for the online fantasy sports gaming sector, announced the appointment of Justice Arjan Kumar Sikri as its ombudsman and ethics officer.
ii. Justice A.K. Sikri will be responsible for investigating queries/complaints raised by the users of the online fantasy sports gaming platforms.

9. Rakesh Asthana given additional charge of NCB
i. The Appointments Committee on Cabinet has given the additional charge of the post of Director General Narcotics Control Bureau to Rakesh Asthana. 
ii. He is presently serving as the Director General of Civil Aviation Security.

Awards

10. Former Cricketer Kapil Dev honoured with Bharat Gaurav Award
i. East Bengal club will officially start the centenary celebrations on its foundation day with a glittering ceremony at the Netaji Indoor Stadium.
ii. East Bengal club will be awarded India’s first cricket World Cup-winning captain Kapil Dev with its highest honour, Bharat Gaurav.
iii. Kapil is no stranger to football as he had donned the club’s colours in an exhibition match against Mohun Bagan in 1992.

11. Ruhan Rajput honoured with 'Entrepreneur of the Year Award, 2019'
i. Ruhan Rajput, a renowned entrepreneur, co-founder and Director of Einfolge Technologies Pvt Ltd was awarded the prestigious Entrepreneur Award 2019 at New Delhi.
ii. Ruhan was acknowledged for his contributions and achievements in the business industry. His company, is one of the leading players in the knowledge process outsourcing (KPO) industry. 
iii. The company operates to provide comprehensive research, analysis and expert solutions to its clients.

12. DD News channel bagged Champions of Empathy Award
i. DD News is awarded with "Champions of Empathy Award" for spreading awareness about hepatitis. 
ii. Director General of DD News, Mayank Agrawal received the Award from Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla.
iii. DD News to aware people about various diseases and preventives by showing health related programmes, reports and policies that help to spread awareness towards health in society.

Summit & Conferences

13. Foreign Ministers from South East Asia attend 52nd ASEAN summit
i. Foreign Ministers from South East Asia are attending the 52nd ASEAN summit in Bangkok. 
ii. The annual meeting opened with a call from the host Thailand for deeper integration to expand trade and bolster prosperity in the region amid rising global challenges.

Static/Current Takeaways Important For EPFO/LIC ADO Main 2019:

• Minister of External Affairs: Subrahmanyam Jaishankar.

Science and Technology

14. IIT Hyderabad develops, eco-friendly solar cells using 'kumkum dye'
i. Scientists at IIT Hyderabad have developed low-cost, environment-friendly solar cells by employing an off-the-shelf dye used to make kumkum or vermilion.
ii. The dye-sensitised solar cell (DSSC) is based on New Fuchsin (NF) dye with aqueous electrolyte and platinum-free counter electrodes, according to the research published in the Solar Energy journal.

Static/Current Takeaways Important For SBI Clerk Main:

• Headquarters National Institute of Solar Energy: Gwal Pahari, Gurugram.

Obituaries

15. Former cricketer Malcolm Nash passes away
i. Former cricketer Malcolm Nash passed away. He was Glamorgan's legendary left-arm bowler who took 993 first-class wickets in a 17-year career between 1966 and 1983. He became famous after Garfield Sobers hit him for six sixes in an over.

Sports

16. Ellyse Perry becomes first cricketer to reach 1000 runs, 100 wickets in T20Is
i. Australia all-rounder Ellyse Perry became the first cricketer of either gender to reach the rare milestone of scoring 1000 runs and taking 100 wickets in the T20 format.

Set different energy levels to wireless nodes

You can set different initial energy to each wireless node separately. Your TCL script example is below.

set opt(initialenergy) 1000 ; # Initial energy in Joules

# Define Mobile Node Configurations
$ns node-config -adhocRouting $val(rp) \
-llType $val(ll) \
-macType $val(mac) \
-ifqType $val(ifq) \
-ifqLen $val(ifqlen) \
-antType $val(ant) \
-propType $val(prop) \
-phyType $val(netif) \
-channelType $val(chan) \
-topoInstance $topo \
-agentTrace ON \
-routerTrace ON \
-macTrace ON \
-movementTrace ON \
-energyModel $opt(energymodel) \
-idlePower 1.0 \
-rxPower 1.0 \
-txPower 1.0 \
-sleepPower 0.001 \
-transitionPower 0.2 \
-transitionTime 0.005 \
-initialEnergy $opt(initialenergy)

....
....
set node_(0) [$ns node] # This will be generate node with initial energy 1000 Joules

$ns node-config -initialEnergy 500
set node_(1) [$ns node]

$ns node-config -initialEnergy 20
set node_(2) [$ns node]

$ns node-config -initialEnergy 30
set node_(3) [$ns node]

$ns node-config -initialEnergy 100
set node_(4) [$ns node]

...


You can find an example of 5 Nodes with different energy levels / AODV Routing Protocol in NS 2.35 below.
# wireless-qeaodv.tcl
# 5 Nodes with different energy levels / AODV Routing Protocol Example

# ======================================================================
# Define Values
# ======================================================================
set val(chan) Channel/WirelessChannel ;
set val(prop) Propagation/TwoRayGround ;
set val(ant) Antenna/OmniAntenna ;
set val(ll) LL ;
set val(ifq) Queue/DropTail/PriQueue ;
set val(ifqlen) 50 ;
set val(netif) Phy/WirelessPhy ;
set val(mac) Mac/802_11 ;
set val(rp) AODV ;
set val(nn) 5 ;
set opt(energymodel) EnergyModel ;
set opt(initialenergy) 1000 ; # Initial energy in Joules
set opt(lm) "off" ;# log movement
set opt(logenergy) "on" ;# log energy every 150 seconds

set val(x) 500 ;
set val(y) 500 ;
set val(stop) 60;
set filename $val(rp)_$val(nn)_$val(x)_$val(y);
set ns [new Simulator]

# open trace file
set tracefd [open $filename.tr w]
$ns trace-all $tracefd

#Open the nam trace file
set namtrace [open $filename.nam w]
$ns namtrace-all-wireless $namtrace $val(x) $val(y)


set WirelessNewTrace_ ON
#set AgentTrace ON
#set RouterTrace OFF
#set MacTrace ON

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Ağ topolojisi tanımı
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
set topo [new Topography]
$topo load_flatgrid $val(x) $val(y)

# General Operations Director (GOD)
create-god $val(nn)

# nn miktarınca düğüm [$val(nn)] oluştur ve kanala ilişkilendir.
set chan_1 [new $val(chan)]


# düğümleri konfigure et
$ns node-config -adhocRouting $val(rp) \
-llType $val(ll) \
-macType $val(mac) \
-ifqType $val(ifq) \
-ifqLen $val(ifqlen) \
-antType $val(ant) \
-propType $val(prop) \
-phyType $val(netif) \
-channelType $val(chan) \
-topoInstance $topo \
-agentTrace ON \
-routerTrace ON \
-macTrace ON \
-movementTrace ON \
-energyModel $opt(energymodel) \
-idlePower 1.0 \
-rxPower 1.0 \
-txPower 1.0 \
-sleepPower 0.001 \
-transitionPower 0.2 \
-transitionTime 0.005 \
-initialEnergy $opt(initialenergy)

#for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn) } { incr i } {
# set node_($i) [$ns node]
# $node_($i) random-motion 0 ;# disable random motion
#}

# Set initialEnergy values for Nodes
$ns node-config -initialEnergy 500
set node_(0) [$ns node]
$node_(0) color blue
$node_(0) shape box
$node_(0) label "Source"

# Set initial_node_pos
$node_(0) set X_ 40.0
$node_(0) set Y_ 280.0


$ns node-config -initialEnergy 500
set node_(1) [$ns node]

$ns node-config -initialEnergy 20
set node_(2) [$ns node]

$ns node-config -initialEnergy 20
set node_(3) [$ns node]

$ns node-config -initialEnergy 100
set node_(4) [$ns node]


# $node color [color] ;# sets color of node
# $node shape [shape] ;# sets shape of node
# $node label [label] ;# sets label on node
# $node label-color [lcolor] ;# sets color of label
# $node label-at [ldirection] ;# sets position of label
# $node add-mark [name] [color] [shape] ;# adds a mark to node
# $node delete-mark [name] ;# deletes mark from node

$node_(1) set X_ 420.0
$node_(1) set Y_ 280.0
$node_(1) color "red"
$node_(1) label "Destination"

$node_(2) set X_ 220.0
$node_(2) set Y_ 380.0
$node_(2) color "green"

$node_(3) set X_ 360.0
$node_(3) set Y_ 280.0
$node_(3) color "green"

$node_(4) set X_ 220.0
$node_(4) set Y_ 180.0
$node_(4) color "green"


for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn) } { incr i } {
$ns initial_node_pos $node_($i) 30;
}


set udp [new Agent/UDP]
$ns attach-agent $node_(0) $udp
set null [new Agent/Null]
$ns attach-agent $node_(1) $null
$ns connect $udp $null
$udp set fid_ 1

set cbr [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr attach-agent $udp
$cbr set type_ CBR
$cbr set packetSize_ 48; # 48 byte 384bit
$cbr set rate_ 64000; # 0.064Mb || 64kb || 64000bit || bits per second
# interval_=0.0060000000000000001 || bit per second || 384/64000
# Packets in one second = 64000/384= 166,6packet

$cbr set random_ false


$ns at 10.0 "$cbr start"


for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn) } { incr i } {
$ns at $val(stop) "$node_($i) reset";
}

$ns at 60.0 "$cbr stop"
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# nam ve simulation end
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# $ns at 15 "$node_(0) print_rtable"
$ns at $val(stop) "$ns nam-end-wireless $val(stop)"
#$ns at $val(stop) "$awk -f _packet.awk AODV_5_500_500.tr"
$ns at 70 "stop"
$ns at 70 "puts "end simulation" ; $ns halt"


proc stop {} {
global ns tracefd namtrace filename
$ns flush-trace
close $tracefd
close $namtrace
exec nam $filename.nam; #Execute nam on the trace file
exec awk -f _packet.awk $filename.tr
}

$ns run

K.KAMARAJ life history

19 Main points about K.Kamaraj

1. Kamraj was born on July 15, 1903, in a family of traders at Virudunagar. district of state Tamil Nadu
2. His real name was Kamakshi Kumaraswamy Nadar but was affectionately shortened to Raja by his mother, Sivakami Ammal.
3. His father, Kumaraswamy Nader, was a coconut merchant.
4. Kamaraj was enrolled at the local elementary school, the Nayanar Vidyalaya but was later shifted to the high school Kshatriya Vidyalaya.
5. His father died within a year of Kamaraj’s enrollment in school. 
6. Kamaraj’s mother sold all jewelery except her earrings and deposited the money with a local merchant and cared for the entire family on the monthly interest that the money earned.
7. Kamaraj was not a good student in school and dropped out when he was in the sixth grade. 
8. When he entered mainstream public life he felt handicapped and realized the importance of a good education.
9. He educated himself during his periods of imprisonment and even learned English from his co-worker. 
10. Kamaraj joined as an apprentice in his maternal uncle Karuppiah’s cloth shop after dropping out of school. 
11. He was the “3rd chief minister” of the state Madras.
12.  He strived hard to improve the status of needy and downtrodden people.
13.  In 1976, he was honoured with “Bharat Ratna”, India's highest civilian award after his death.
14.  He was the initiator for providing free education to backward class community children.
15. He introduced a free mid-day meal scheme in schools.
16. He was an active member of Congress party.  
17. At age of 34, he won the election for the “first time” winning a seat in Sattur assembly in 1937.  
18. He was imprisoned for 2 years for his active participation in “Salt Satyagraha” movement.
19. Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru were his sources of inspiration.

Kumaraswamy Kamaraj was a powerful Indian politician, activist and statesman who played an important role in pre and post-Independent politics. Born in a moderate middle-class family, Kamaraj’s tryst with politics began early. His increasing interest in the country’s political system finally culminated when he became a full time worker of the Congress during India’s struggle for independence. Kamaraj’s humble beginning did not deter him as he persistently worked to contribute actively to the Congress’ struggle to overthrow the foreign rule. From being merely a campaigner, he rose to become a legislator in the Madras Presidency. The high point in his career came when he became the Chief Minister of Madras. Under his administration, Madras propelled forward and prospered. The education rate which was merely 7% rose to the magnanimous 37% with opening of new schools and education reforms. Irrigation and industry flourished making Madras one of the leaders of industrialization. Interestingly, Kamaraj continued to contribute even after his premiership, as President of the Indian National Congress. For his immense contribution, he was decorated with country’s highest civilian award, Bharat Ratna, posthumously.

Childhood & Early Life

Kumaraswami Kamaraj was born on July 15, 1903 at Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu to Kumaraswamy and Sivakamiv Ammaiar. His father was a merchant. He had a younger sister Nagammal.

In 1907, Kamaraj enrolled at a traditional school. The following year, he enrolled at the Yenadhi Narayana Vidhya Salai but after a year of studies he shifted to Virudupatti High School.

Tragedy struck young Kamaraj when he was merely six. His father died and his mother was forced to support her family. To help his mother, Kamaraj dropped out of school in 1914 to support his family.

Career

Kamaraj started his career doing odd jobs. He worked at his uncle’s provision shop. It was during this time that Kamaraj developed interest in politics. He was an avid newspaper reader and kept himself updated with the current events. He soon became involved with the political processions and public meetings and acquainted himself with the Indian Home Rule Movement.

The 1919 Jallianwala Bagh Massacre was a turning point in Kamaraj’s life. The killing of innocent people instigated a rage of fury and vehemence in Kamaraj who decided to work actively in India’s struggle for freedom and bring an end to British Raj.

Kamaraj’s growing interest in politics was not supported by his family who sent him to Thiruvananthapuram where his second uncle stayed. However, Kamaraj’s passion for politics could not be curtailed in Thiruvananthapuram as well. He participated in the Vaikom Satyagraha led by George Joseph of the Congress, against the atrocities of the higher caste Hindus on the Harijans. Kamaraj met Mahatma Gandhi, India’s face of freedom struggle, at the Madurai’s Congress meet. He was inspired by the latter’s simplicity and non-violence movement.

His political activities in Thiruvananthapuram annoyed his family to the point that he was called back. Though the elders in the family persuaded Kamaraj to stop getting involved in country’s politics, it was without much result. They even tried to marry him off but Kamaraj resolutely disagreed.

In 1920, he joined Congress as a full time worker. He actively worked as political campaigner, organizing public meetings and carrying the Congress propaganda.

Early in his career as a political activist, he participated in many events as a part of the Non-Violent Movement including the Nagpur Flag Satyagraha, Sword Satyagraha, Neil Statue Satyagraha and so on. After joining the Congress, he participated in almost all agitations and demonstrations against the British rule.

In 1930, Kamaraj participated in the Rajagopalachari-led Salt Satyagraha Movement in Vedaranyam. He was sentenced for two years. However, his term of imprisonment was cut short following the Gandhi-Irwin Pact that led to his release in 1931.

In 1932, despite ban on public meetings and procession in Madras, he led processions and demonstrations which subsequently led to his arrest and one year imprisonment. In 1933, Kamaraj was yet again charged with involvement in the Virudhunagar bomb case. However, he was acquitted after not being found guilty.

In 1936, Kamaraj’s guru Satyamurti was elected President of the Provincial Congress. The latter appointed Kamaraj as the General Secretary. Four years later, the duo swapped positions strengthening the party base through their leadership skills.

In 1942, he attended the All India Congress Meet in Bombay where Gandhi’s Quit India Movement bore its roots. He spread the propaganda material to Trichy, Tanjore, Ranipet and Madurai and for the same was arrested and imprisoned for three years. During his term in jail, he read and self-educated himself

After India’s independence in 1947 he was elected a member of the Working Committee of the Congress. He was also a member of the Constituent Assembly that drafted the constitution. In 1951 he contested and won a seat in the elections to the first Lok Sabha.

In 1954, he was elected as the Chief Minister of the Madras State. He reluctantly took up the post and nominated his co-contestants C. Subramaniam and M. Bhakthavatsalam in his cabinet. Kamaraj’s motto as Chief Minister was to work for the welfare of the people.

Under Kamaraj, Madras made immense progress in education and trade. New schools were opened and education was made free and compulsory for all up to 11th Standard. Every village had a primary school and every Panchayat a high school. He even introduced the concept of Mid-Day Meal Scheme for lakhs of poor and deprived children. To eradicate caste, creed and class differences, he introduced school uniform. Such was the progress under his administration that the education rate augmented from merely 7% to 37%.

Education was the primary focus of Kamaraj’s Government but he did not overlook other sectors. In fact, he came up with major irrigation schemes that led to the building of dams and canals. Farmers were given facilities and subsidized loans. He also administered the setting up of major industries under his governance such as Neyveli Lignite Corporation, BHEL, Manali Oil Refinery, Hindustan raw photo film factory, surgical instruments factory, a railway coach factory and so on. Industries such as paper, sugar, chemicals and cement were also established during this period.

Kamaraj’s excellence as a leader and administrator was evident from the fact that he remained the Chief Minister of the State for three consecutive terms, being re-elected in 1957 and later in 1962. Under his administration, Nehru claimed Madras to be the ‘best administered state in India’

In 1963, he resigned from his post of the Chief Minister to serve a greater purpose. Congress which was losing its vigour and shine needed a revamp of sorts. He came up with a plan which was called the ‘Kamaraj Plan’. He proposed that all senior Congress leaders should resign from their post and devote their energy towards revitalization of the Congress. It was mainly done to refrain the leaders from the temptation of power and instead re-commit them to party objectives and motto. The Plan was a major hit as a number of ministers like Lal Bahadur Shastri, Jagjivan Ram, Morarji Desai and S.K. Patil resigned from their posts.

In 1964, he was elected the President of the All India Congress. During his term as the President, he successfully steered the nation through the stormy years post Nehru’s death. He refused to take up Prime Ministerial office twice, giving it to Lal Bahadur Shastri and Indira Gandhi in 1964 and 1966 respectively.

During the 1969 split of Congress, Kamaraj became the leader of the Indian National Congress (Organisation) in Tamil Nadu. However, in 1971 the party failed miserably but he retained his position until his death in 1975.

Major Works

Though Kamaraj’s role in politics was significant all through, starting off as a political activist and later as the prominent leader of the Indian Independence Movement, his most important contribution came later in his career as the Chief Minister of Madras State. Under his governance, Madras became one of the best administered states of the country. He emphasized on educational reforms, introducing free compulsory education. He established new schools and introduced the concept of midday meal scheme under which lakhs of poor and deprived children were provided food. He also tried to get rid of caste and creed differences. Irrigation and industry also prospered and grew under his three-consecutive term governance.

Personal Life & Legacy

Kamaraj breathed his last on October 2, 1975 in his sleep. He was 72 years of age.

Posthumously, Kamaraj was bestowed with the nation’s highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna in 1976.

He was proclaimed with the title of ‘Kalvi Thanthai’ or Father of Education in Tamil Nadu.

Chennai airport named its domestic terminal ‘Kamaraj Terminal’.

Several roads and streets across the country are named to honor Kamaraj’s contribution in Indian politics and governance such as Chennai's beach road which bears the name ‘Kamarajar Salai’. Bangalore's North Parade Road and Parliament road in New Delhi were renamed ‘K. Kamaraj Road’.

A university in Madurai was inaugurated under his name, Madurai Kamaraj University, honouring his educational policies as the CM of Madras.