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Cabinet approves Women Reservation Bill granting 33% seats to women in Parliament

20 September 2023
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Cabinet approves Women Reservation Bill granting 33% seats to women in Parliament

On September 18, the Union Cabinet took a historic step by approving the Women Reservation Bill, which mandates a 33 percent reservation for women in both the Lok Sabha and state assemblies of India. This monumental legislation aims to ensure equal representation for women in the highest legislative bodies of the country.

Key Provisions of the Women Reservation Bill

33% Reservation for Women

• • The Women Reservation Bill mandates that one-third of the seats in the Lok Sabha and state assemblies will be reserved for women candidates.
  • This provision aims to promote gender equality and increase women's representation in India's legislative bodies.

Rotational Reservation

• • To ensure fairness and equitable distribution, the reserved seats will be rotated after each general election.
  • This mechanism prevents the monopolization of reserved seats by specific political parties or individuals.

Sub-Reservation for Marginalized Groups

• • The Bill also proposes sub-reservation within the 33 percent quota for Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), and Anglo-Indians.
  • This sub-reservation recognizes the importance of addressing intersectional inequalities and promoting diversity in political representation.

A Long and Turbulent History

• The Women's Reservation Bill has a tumultuous history, dating back to its initial introduction in 1996.
• Subsequent attempts were made in 1998 and 1999, but the bill faced significant opposition and challenges.
• A breakthrough occurred in 2008 when the bill was passed in the Rajya Sabha (the upper house of Parliament) in 2010.
• Unfortunately, the bill lapsed due to the dissolution of the Lok Sabha, leading to years of continued debate and discussions.

Current Development

• With the commencement of Parliament's special session, the Women Reservation Bill has once again taken center stage.
• Its approval by the Union Cabinet marks a significant step towards achieving greater gender equality and political empowerment of women in India.

14th World Spice Congress: Celebrating India's Spice Heritage

20 September 2023
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14th World Spice Congress: Celebrating India's Spice Heritage

The 14th edition of the World Spice Congress (WSC) commenced in Vashi, Navi Mumbai. This three-day event is being meticulously organized by the Spices Board India, a subsidiary of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, in collaboration with several trade bodies and export forums. India, often referred to as the 'Spice Bowl' of the world, is known for producing high-quality, rare, and medicinal spices. The World Spice Congress (WSC) aims to create new opportunities for the international trade of Indian spices.

Diverse Participants

The event is not limited to traders; it also welcomes policy regulators. Special business sessions have been dedicated to promoting spice trade among G20 countries. Participants include policymakers, regulatory authorities, spice trade associations, government officials, and technical experts from key G20 nations.

Maharashtra: The Ideal Venue

Maharashtra was chosen as the venue for WSC due to its significant spice production. The state is a leading producer of turmeric and boasts two GI-tagged turmeric varieties and one GI-tagged chilli variety. Additionally, coastal areas of Maharashtra are known for producing GI-tagged Kokum. The state serves as one of India's largest exporting hubs for spices.

The Role of Climatic Conditions in Spice Cultivation

The climatic conditions in India, ranging from tropical to temperate, along with variations in rainfall, humidity, and altitude, play a pivotal role in shaping the spice industry. These diverse conditions allow for the cultivation of a wide variety of spices, contributing to India's status as a global leader in spice production and trade.

Temperature Preferences

Different spices have specific temperature requirements for growth and development. India's varying temperatures across regions provide suitable conditions for a range of spices. For instance, spices like black pepper and cardamom thrive in warmer, tropical climates, while cumin and coriander prefer temperate conditions.

Humidity's Influence

Many spices require a certain level of humidity to grow well. The warm and humid climate in southern and southwestern India, particularly in states like Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka, is ideal for spices like black pepper, cardamom, and cloves.

Rainfall's Vital Role

Adequate and well-distributed rainfall is crucial for spice cultivation. Spices like ginger and turmeric, which are cultivated in subtropical regions, benefit from the monsoon rains in states like Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

Altitude Matters

The altitude of a region can impact spice cultivation. For example, the cultivation of high-value spices like saffron is often done at higher altitudes in regions like Jammu and Kashmir, where the climate is cooler.

Seasonal Considerations

Spices are often harvested at specific times of the year when climatic conditions are most favorable. For example, cardamom harvesting in Kerala is typically done during the monsoon season when moisture levels are high.

Microclimates: India's Secret

India's diverse landscape also includes microclimates within regions, which can create niche conditions for the cultivation of specific spices. Certain valleys or hilly areas may have slightly different climatic conditions that are suitable for unique spice varieties.

Adaptation Over Time

Over centuries, farmers in different regions of India have adapted to their local climatic conditions and have developed cultivation practices that are specific to their environment. This has led to the successful cultivation of a wide range of spices across the country.

Soil Requirements for Spice Cultivation

While well-drained, loamy soils with good organic content are generally preferred for spice cultivation, specific spices may have unique soil preferences. Understanding the soil requirements of different spices and the local soil conditions in a given region is crucial for successful spice farming.

Well-Drained Loamy Soils

Well-drained, loamy soils with good organic content are generally preferred for many spice crops. Loam is a balanced soil type that combines sand, silt, and clay, providing good drainage and moisture retention.

Organic Content Matters

Organic matter in the soil, such as compost or well-rotted manure, is beneficial for spice cultivation. It helps improve soil structure, water-holding capacity, and nutrient availability.

Specific Soil Preferences

Different spices may have specific soil preferences based on their adaptability and growth requirements. For example:

• Turmeric and Ginger: These rhizomatous spices prefer well-drained sandy loam soils. Sandy loam allows for good drainage, which is essential to prevent waterlogging around the rhizomes.
• Black Pepper: Black pepper plants thrive in lateritic soils, which are iron-rich and well-drained. The slightly acidic nature of lateritic soils is suitable for pepper cultivation.
• Cardamom: Cardamom plants prefer loamy soils with good organic content. They are often grown in regions with high rainfall and well-distributed moisture.

pH Levels

Soil pH can also influence spice cultivation. Many spices grow well in slightly acidic to neutral soils. Soil pH levels can be adjusted, if necessary, through the addition of lime or other soil amendments.

Microclimates and Local Conditions

Local variations in soil types and microclimates can influence spice cultivation. Farmers often adapt their practices to suit the specific conditions of their region, selecting suitable spice varieties and adjusting soil management techniques accordingly.

Soil Preparation and Maintenance

Proper soil preparation, including soil testing, can help determine the pH and nutrient levels in the soil. This information can guide farmers in making necessary amendments to optimize soil conditions for spice cultivation. Crop rotation and soil health practices are essential to maintain the fertility and structure of the soil over time.

The Rich Tapestry of Indian Spices

India cultivates a wide variety of spices, each with its unique characteristics and regional significance.

• Black Pepper: Grown in Kerala, Karnataka, and other southern states.
• Cardamom: Mainly produced in Kerala, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu.
• Turmeric: Cultivated in Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Odisha.
• Chilli: Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Telangana are known for chilli production.
• Cumin: Grown in Rajasthan and Gujarat.
• Coriander: Cultivated in states like Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Madhya Pradesh.

Export and Economic Significance

Spices are indeed a vital component of India's agricultural economy. The spice industry provides livelihoods to millions of farmers, laborers, and traders across the country.

Foreign Exchange Earnings

The export of spices is a significant contributor to India's foreign exchange earnings. India is one of the world's largest spice exporters, and its spices are in high demand globally. The export of Indian spices includes products like ground spices, spice extracts, spice oils, and spice blends.

Cultural and Culinary Significance

• Cultural Heritage: Spices have a rich cultural heritage in India. They have been an integral part of Indian culture for centuries, used not only in cuisine but also in traditional medicine, rituals, and ceremonies.
• Diverse Flavors: Spices contribute to the diverse and complex flavours of Indian cuisine. Each spice has its unique taste profile, and the art of blending them in various combinations creates a wide array of Indian dishes, from mild and aromatic to fiery and robust.
• Spice Blends: Spice blends like garam masala and curry powder are at the heart of Indian cooking. These blends are carefully crafted combinations of spices that lend distinctive flavours to dishes.
• Regional Variations: Different regions of India have their own spice preferences and culinary traditions. Spices play a central role in defining regional cuisines and adding depth to local flavours.
• Health Benefits: Many Indian spices are known for their health benefits and are used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine. For example, turmeric is valued for its anti-inflammatory properties, and ginger is used to aid digestion.

Important takeaways for all competitive exams: 

• Spices Board India Chairman: A G Thankappan;
• Spices Board India Established: 1987.

Union Education Minister Launches 'Skills on Wheels' Initiative to Empower Rural Youth

20 September 2023
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Union Education Minister Launches 'Skills on Wheels' Initiative to Empower Rural Youth

In a significant move to empower rural youth, especially women, and equip them with essential digital skills, Union Education and Skill Development and Entrepreneurship Minister, Dharmendra Pradhan, alongside Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla, inaugurated the groundbreaking 'Skills on Wheels' initiative. The primary objective of this initiative is to enhance the employability of rural youth and prepare them for the challenges of the future job market. This initiative is a collaborative effort between the National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) and IndusInd Bank.

Key Features of 'Skills on Wheels' Initiative:

1. Empowering 60,000 Rural Youth: Over a span of five years, the 'Skills on Wheels' initiative aims to empower and upskill a staggering 60,000 rural youth. The ultimate goal is to enhance the livelihoods of rural households by equipping their youth with the necessary skills.

2. Focus on Digital Skills: One of the core objectives of this initiative is to impart essential digital skills to rural youth, with a special focus on women. In an increasingly digital world, this training will make them job-ready and well-prepared for the future.

3. Partnership with NSDC and IndusInd Bank: The initiative is a result of a collaborative effort between the National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) and IndusInd Bank. This partnership ensures the necessary resources and expertise are brought together to make the initiative successful.

Mobilizing 'Skills on Wheels':

4. Customized Mobile Skill Training Unit: To reach the remotest corners of the country, a customized bus has been retrofitted with state-of-the-art tools and technology. This mobile unit will serve as the flagship of the 'Skill India Mission' and is aptly named 'Skills on Wheels.'

5. Extensive Geographic Coverage: 'Skills on Wheels' will embark on a journey across aspirational and backward districts, covering a vast geographical area. This strategic approach is aimed at raising awareness at the grassroots level about free skill training programs, which can profoundly transform the lives of rural youth.

6. Changing Trajectories through Skill Training: The initiative recognizes the power of skill training in altering the life trajectories of youth. By offering robust training programs, it aspires to provide youth with the knowledge and skills they need to secure better livelihoods.

Closing the Skills Gap:

7. Industry-Relevant Skill Training: The core objective of the initiative is to enable a substantial number of youth to pursue industry-relevant skill training. This training will not only enhance their theoretical knowledge but also equip them with practical skills that are in demand in the job market.

8. Matching Passion and Skills: 'Skills on Wheels' seeks to bridge the gap between industry requirements and unemployed youth. It will accomplish this by helping candidates identify the right courses based on their academic background, aptitude, and skillset. This alignment ensures that individuals are well-suited for their chosen career paths.

Government Launches Three Transformative Initiatives for Farmers

20 September 2023

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Government Launches Three Transformative Initiatives for Farmers

In a significant move aimed at revolutionizing agriculture in India, the government has announced the launch of three game-changing initiatives. These initiatives, which focus on agri-credit and crop insurance, were unveiled by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman and Union Minister of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare, Narendra Singh Tomar. The initiatives are set to amplify financial inclusion, harness technology, and improve the livelihoods of farmers across the country.

1. Kisan Rin Portal (KRP): A Digital Leap in Agri-Credit

Developed in collaboration with multiple government departments, the Kisan Rin Portal (KRP) is poised to transform access to credit services under the Kisan Credit Card (KCC) Scheme. This digital platform provides farmers with a comprehensive view of their data, loan disbursement specifics, interest subvention claims, and facilitates efficient agriculture credit. It promises to simplify and streamline the borrowing process for farmers.

2. Door to Door KCC Campaign: Ensuring Universal Financial Inclusion

The Ghar Ghar Kisan Credit Card (KCC) Abhiyaan is an ambitious campaign that seeks to extend the benefits of the Kisan Credit Card (KCC) Scheme to every farmer in India. With a total of 7.35 Crore operative KCC accounts and a sanctioned limit of 8.85 lakh crores rupees as of March 2023, this campaign aims to ensure that every farmer has unhindered access to credit facilities. It envisions universal financial inclusion, empowering farmers with the financial resources they need.

3. Weather Information Network Data Systems (WINDS) Manual: Data-Driven Insights for Farmers

The Weather Information Network Data Systems (WINDS) initiative is a groundbreaking innovation that leverages advanced weather data analytics. By providing stakeholders with actionable insights on weather patterns, WINDS aims to assist farmers in making informed decisions about their agricultural activities. This data-driven approach will enhance crop management and help farmers mitigate the impact of adverse weather conditions.

India's first UPI ATM: How will it be different from cardless cash withdrawals

07 September 2023
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India's first UPI ATM: How will it be different from cardless cash withdrawals

India's first UPI-ATM, a White Label ATM (WLA) by Hitachi Payment Services in collaboration with the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), was introduced to enable seamless cash withdrawals without the need for physical ATM cards.

This innovation allows customers of certain banks to enjoy QR-based cashless withdrawals. The UPI-ATM, also known as Interoperable Cardless Cash Withdrawal (ICCW), offers a simple process for users of participating banks who use UPI to withdraw cash from compatible ATMs.

Here's how it works:

• Select Withdrawal Amount: Customers choose the desired withdrawal amount when selecting the 'UPI cash withdrawal' option at the ATM.
• Generate QR Code: The ATM screen displays a unique and secure dynamic QR code linked to the selected withdrawal amount.
• Scan QR Code: Users scan this QR code using any UPI app installed on their Android or iOS smartphones.
• Authorize Transaction: To complete the transaction, users input their UPI PIN on their mobile device, authorizing the cash withdrawal.

Key Features of UPI-ATM:

• Compatible with various systems.
• No physical card required for transactions.
• Transaction limit of up to ₹10,000 per transaction, aligned with existing UPI daily limits and issuer bank's UPI-ATM transaction limits.
• Convenient cash withdrawals without the need for an ATM card.
• Allows cash withdrawals from multiple accounts via the UPI app.

How UPI-ATM Differs from Bank's Cardless Cash Withdrawals:

• Current card-less cash withdrawals rely on mobile numbers and OTPs, whereas UPI-ATM utilizes QR-based UPI cash withdrawals.
• UPI-ATM is accessible to UPI users who have a UPI app installed on their Android or iOS smartphones, offering a secure and efficient alternative for cash withdrawals.

Sanchi Achieves Milestone as India's First Solar City

07 September 2023
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Sanchi Achieves Milestone as India's First Solar City

Solar City Inaugurated by Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister

The World Heritage Site Sanchi in Madhya Pradesh's Raisen district has become India's first solar city. Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan formally launched. It has a capacity of 3 megawatts in Nagauri near Sanchi, which will reduce annual carbon dioxide emissions by 13,747 tonnes. This is equivalent to more than 2,38,000 trees. Sanchi has become India's first solar city. The production of electricity from coal and other resources causes a negative impact on the environment. The citizens of Sanchi, the Renewable Energy Department, and all scientists have done a commendable task by resorting to solar energy option.

Sanchi's Aspiration: Becoming a Net-Zero City

The resolve to make Sanchi a net-zero city with the help of IIT Kanpur is a commendable step. This city will be an example before the world. It is very important to save the environment. The increasing energy needs have to be met by the use of renewable energy. Soon solar pumps will also help in agriculture

This plant will help Sanchi in annual saving of ₹ 7.68 crore on electricity expenditure. The citizens of Sanchi have adopted an idea of solar in every home. A five-megawatt solar project will be established in Gulgaon soon, which will meet the energy needs of the agricultural sector near Sanchi. About 7,000 citizens in Sanchi have taken a pledge to save electricity by using solar stand lamps, solar study lamps and solar lanterns in their homes. About 63 kilowatt capacity solar plants have been installed on domestic rooftops.

Key takeaways for competitive examinations

• Madhya Pradesh Chief minister: Shivraj Singh Chouhan;
• Madhya Pradesh Capital: Bhopal;
• Madhya Pradesh Official fruit: Mango;
• Madhya Pradesh Governor: Mangubhai C. Patel.

India to be renamed Bharat? Here is a list of countries that changed their names

06 September 2023
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India to be renamed Bharat? Here is a list of countries that changed their names

The recent use of 'President of Bharat' in an official G20 summit dinner invitation has sparked speculations about a potential name change for India to 'Bharat.' While this development has drawn criticism from opposition parties, it's not uncommon for countries to undergo name changes. Let's explore some examples from around the world.

1. Turkiye - Formerly Turkey:

Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan declared the official name change to Turkiye to better represent the nation's culture and civilization globally.

2. Czechia - Formerly Czech Republic:

In April 2016, the Czech Republic streamlined its name to Czechia for simplicity, facilitating recognition in sports and international marketing.

3. Eswatini - Formerly Swaziland:

Swaziland became Eswatini to eliminate confusion with Switzerland and embrace its indigenous heritage.

4. The Netherlands - Formerly Holland:

In January 2020, The Netherlands shifted focus from Holland for promotional purposes, projecting itself as open, inventive, and inclusive.

5. Republic of North Macedonia - Formerly Macedonia:

To join NATO and distinguish from Greece's region named Macedonia, it became the Republic of North Macedonia in February 2019.

6. Sri Lanka - Formerly Ceylon:

Sri Lanka discarded the colonial name Ceylon in 2011, asserting its independence from historical remnants of Portuguese and British rule.

7. Ireland - Formerly Irish Free State:

In 1937, Ireland adopted the name 'Ireland' and officially became a republic.

8. Republic of Cabo Verde - Formerly Cape Verde:

In 2013, Cape Verde adopted the full Portuguese spelling, 'Republic of Cabo Verde,' honoring its official language.

9. Thailand - Formerly Siam:

Siam transitioned to Thailand in 1939, briefly reverting to Siam between 1946 and 1948, and officially becoming the Kingdom of Thailand.

10. Myanmar - Formerly Burma:

In 1989, Myanmar replaced Burma as the official name, reflecting linguistic accuracy despite ongoing global usage of the older name.

11. Cambodia:

Cambodia underwent various name changes over the years, reflecting its complex history, including the Khmer Republic, Democratic Kampuchea, State of Cambodia, and Kingdom of Cambodia.

12. Democratic Republic of Congo:

The Democratic Republic of Congo experienced multiple name changes, evolving from Congo Free State to Belgian Congo, Congo-Leopoldville, Republic of Congo, Republic of Zaire, and finally, the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1997.

13. Iran – Formerly Persia:

Iran transitioned from Persia to Iran in 1935, changing how the country and its citizens were identified, sparking debates among Iranians.

Amul is official sponsor of Indian contingent at Hangzhou Asian Games

06 September 2023
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Amul is official sponsor of Indian contingent at Hangzhou Asian Games

Amul is named as the official sponsor of the Indian Contingent for the 19th Asian Games 2022 to be held in Hangzhou, China from September 23 to October 8, 2023. As part of this association, Amul will use the integrated logo in its communication to celebrate the efforts of the sportsperson. Amul has partnered with Indian sportspersons through the Indian Olympic Association since the London 2012 Olympics for all Indian contingent to Olympics, Commonwealth Games and Asian Games and we are pleased to further strengthen our decade long relationship.

Hangzhou 2022 Asian Games

The XIX Asian Games 2022 will feature 482 events across 40 sports. The Asian Games, also known as Asiad, is a continental multi-sport event held every fourth year among athletes from all over Asia. The upcoming event is officially called the 19th Asian Games Hangzhou 2022. It was originally slated to be held last year but was postponed due to Covid-19.

The India contingent will field 634 athletes at the Asian Games across 38 different sports with the largest contingent of 65 in athletics. At the last edition, Jakarta 2018, India sent a contingent of 570 to compete in 36 sports and won 70 medals.

About the Amul

Amul is a dairy cooperative in India, based in Anand, Gujarat. It is the largest dairy cooperative in the world, and the largest producer of milk and milk products in India. Amul was founded in 1946 by Tribhuvandas Patel and Verghese Kurien. The name "Amul" is derived from the Sanskrit word "Amulya", which means "priceless" or "precious".

One of the most famous Amul ads is the "Utterly Butterly Delicious" campaign, which features a picture of a cow with the tagline "Utterly Butterly Delicious". This campaign was launched in 1966 and has been running ever since. It has helped to make Amul butter one of the most popular brands in India.

Amul has also used its advertising campaigns to address social and political issues. For example, in the 1970s, Amul ran a campaign against the dowry system. This campaign helped to raise awareness of the issue and contributed to its decline.

Amul is a pioneer in the dairy industry and has played a major role in the development of the Indian economy. It is a symbol of self-reliance and cooperative empowerment, and its advertising campaigns are some of the most popular in India.

Important takeaways for all competitive exams: 

• Amul Founders: Verghese Kurien, Tribhuvandas Kishibhai Patel;
• Amul Headquarters: Anand, Gujarat;
• Amul Founded: 14 December 1946.

The 10th Meeting Of The Ministers Of Law And Justice Of SCO Countries Took Place

06 September 2023
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The 10th Meeting Of The Ministers Of Law And Justice Of SCO Countries Took Place

The 10th meeting of the Ministers of Law and Justice of SCO countries was convened via video conferencing, where several key initiatives and cooperative efforts were discussed. During this meeting, India reaffirmed its commitment to the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) by extending support to member countries in enhancing their legal and judicial capabilities.

A Cordial Beginning

The meeting commenced in a cordial atmosphere with a message from Chinese President Xi Jinping, who emphasized the importance of cooperation and understanding among SCO members. President Xi called for the realization of SCO's objectives and visions, aiming to optimize the organization's contribution to the holistic development of the region.

India's Commitment to SCO Charter

Indian Law Minister Arjun Ram Meghwal reiterated India's commitment to the SCO charter, which is based on principles such as mutual trust, respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity, and mutual benefit. He cited Prime Minister Narendra Modi's vision of India as a "universal friend" and highlighted the importance of trust in government policies and practices.

Legal Reforms in India

Minister Meghwal provided insights into India's ongoing legal reforms, with a primary focus on simplifying laws and reducing the burden of outdated legislation. India has already repealed 1,486 archaic laws, with more identified for removal. These reforms aim to improve citizens' lives and create a more favorable environment for businesses.

Promoting Alternative Dispute Resolution

India is actively promoting "Alternative Dispute Resolution" methods and encouraging citizens to embrace mediation for conflict and dispute resolution. This approach seeks to expedite legal processes and reduce the backlog of cases.

Modernizing Legal and Judicial Systems

The Indian government acknowledges the need for legal and judicial systems to evolve in tandem with changing societal realities. Minister Meghwal highlighted recent initiatives aimed at replacing colonial-era laws, such as the Indian Penal Code (1860), Indian Evidence Act (1872), and Criminal Procedure Code (1898). These replacements draw inspiration from traditional legal knowledge while addressing modern India's needs.

Digital Data Protection

India expressed its deep commitment to digital data protection and urged SCO member countries to prioritize this issue. The ministers resolved to work together to protect digital data and develop a safe and secure global digital ecosystem.

SCO's Focus and Priorities

The SCO, founded in 2001, has traditionally focused on regional security issues, combating regional terrorism, ethnic separatism, and religious extremism. In recent years, its priorities have expanded to include regional development.

Joint Statement Emphasizes Cooperation

During the meeting, all ministers of justice from SCO member countries signed a joint statement emphasizing cooperation in the field of law and justice. The statement called for enhanced collaboration in legal and judicial spheres, including organizing conferences and legal cooperation fora to facilitate the exchange of experiences.

Continuation of Expert Working Groups

The joint statement highlighted the importance of continuing the work of Expert Working Groups on forensic expertise and legal services.

Future Meetings

The meeting concluded with the announcement that the next meeting of SCO Ministers for Law and Justice will be held in the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2024.

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