J K Flipflop

 There are following 4 basic types of flip flops-

 

 

1. SR Flip Flop
2. JK Flip Flop
3. D Flip Flop
4. T Flip Flop

 

In this article, we will discuss about JK Flip Flop.

 

JK Flip Flop-

 

JK flip flop is a refined & improved version of SR Flip Flop that has been introduced to solve the problem of indeterminate state that occurs in SR flip flop when both the inputs are 1.

 

In JK flip flop,

• Input J behaves like input S of SR flip flop which was meant to set the flip flop.
• Input K behaves like input R of SR flip flop which was meant to reset the flip flop.

 

Construction of JK Flip Flop-

 

There are following two methods for constructing a JK flip flop-

 

 

1. By using SR flip flop constructed from NOR latch
2. By using SR flip flop constructed from NAND latch

 

1. Construction of JK Flip Flop By Using SR Flip Flop Constructed From NOR Latch-

 

This method of constructing JK Flip Flop uses-

• SR Flip Flop constructed from NOR latch
• Two other connections

 

Logic Circuit-

 

The logic circuit for JK Flip Flop constructed using SR Flip Flop constructed from NOR latch is as shown below-

 

 

2. Construction of JK Flip Flop By Using SR Flip Flop Constructed From NAND Latch-

 

This method of constructing JK Flip Flop uses-

SR Flip Flop constructed from NAND latch

• Two other connections

 

Logic Circuit-

 

The logic circuit for JK Flip Flop constructed using SR Flip Flop constructed from NAND latch is as shown below-

 

 

Logic Symbol-

 

The logic symbol for JK Flip Flop is as shown below-

 

 

Truth Table-

 

The truth table for JK Flip Flop is as shown below-

 

INPUTS			OUTPUTS
J	K	Qn (Present State)	Qn+1 (Next State)
0	0	0	0
0	0	1	1
0	1	0	0
0	1	1	0
1	0	0	1
1	0	1	1
1	1	0	1
1	1	1	0

Truth Table

 

The above truth table may be reduced as-

 

INPUTS			OUTPUTS	REMARKS
J	K	Qn (Present State)	Qn+1 (Next State)	States and Conditions
0	0	X	Qn	Hold State condition J = K = 0
0	1	X	0	Reset state condition J = 0 , K = 1
1	0	X	1	Set state condition J = 1 , K = 0
1	1	X	Q’n	Toggle state condition J = K = 1

Truth Table

 

Characteristic Equation-

 

Draw a k map using the above truth table-

 

 

From here-

Q_n+1 = Q’_n (JK + JK’) + Q_n (J’K’ + JK’)

 

Qn+1 = Q’nJ + QnK’

 

Excitation Table-

 

The excitation table of any flip flop is drawn using its truth table.

 

Qn	Qn+1	S	R
0	0	0	X
0	1	1	X
1	0	X	1
1	1	X	0

Excitation Table

 

SR Flip Flop Vs JK Flip Flop-

 

Both JK flip flop and SR flip flop are functionally same.

The only difference between them is-

• In JK flip flop, indeterminate state does not occur.
• In JK flip flop, instead of indeterminate state, the present state toggles.
• In other words, the present state gets inverted when both the inputs are 1.

 

To gain better understanding about JK Flip Flop,

India Ratings Cuts FY23 GDP Growth Forecast to 6.9%

17 September 2022
-------------------------------
India Ratings Cuts FY23 GDP Growth Forecast to 6.9%

India Ratings became the latest agency to cut its FY23 gross domestic product forecast. The ratings agency cut the forecast to 6.9 per cent from 7 per cent, joining other institutions who have cut their projections to below 7 per cent since the release of the April-June quarter GDP data.

Bank Maha Pack includes Live Batches, Test Series, Video Lectures & eBooks

What It Said:

“Despite private final consumption expenditure (PFCE) and gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) growth coming in better than our expectations in Q1, the agency expects the slowdown in the growth of government final consumption expenditure (GFCE) and worsening of net exports to weigh on the FY23 GDP growth,” India Ratings said in a statement.

Other Agencies Prediction:

Global rating agency Fitch also lowered India’s economic growth forecast for FY23 to 7 per cent from its June 2022 estimate of 7.8 per cent. It now expects the GDP to slow further to 6.7 per cent in FY24 as compared to its earlier forecast of 7.4 per cent. India Ratings projects GDP growth of 7.2 per cent in July-September FY23 quarter, 4 per cent in October-December and 4.1 per cent in February-March. “Recovering the lost output due to COVID-19 will be a long haul. Our estimate shows that even if GDP grows at 7.6 per cent every year after FY23, then also India would be able to catch up with pre-pandemic trend growth only by FY35”, said Sunil Kumar Sinha, Principal Economist.

Economy’s Main Thrust:

The agency did say that India’s biggest strength continues to be domestic economic activity, which has shown more resilience compared to the rest of the world. It said that it expects the growth momentum to sustain, averaging around mid-single digit in the remaining quarters, mainly buoyed by the upcoming festival season. “However, ‘K-shaped’ recovery is neither allowing the consumption demand to become broad based nor helping the wage growth especially of the population that are part of the lower half of the income pyramid,” the agency said. “Household sector, which accounts for 44-45 per cent of the gross value added, has witnessed nearly flat or negative growth in their real wages (adjusted for inflation) since FY19. Wage growth in June 2022 in real terms stood at about negative 3.7 per cent in urban areas and negative 1.6 per cent in rural areas,” it said.

Growth So For:

India’s Q1-FY23 GDP came in at 13.5 per cent, despite the low base of the equivalent period of 2021-22, when economic activity was severely impacted by the Delta wave of the pandemic. Sequentially, GDP contracted 9.6 percent in Q1-FY23 compared with Q4-FY22. The RBI had projected Q1-FY23 GDP growth at 16.2 pe rcent. After the official data, a number of banks and financial institutions slashed their economic growth estimates for the current financial year. These included State Bank of India, Goldman Sachs, Citigroup and ratings agency Moody’s.

15-­year­-old Pranav Anand becomes India’s 76th Chess Grandmaster

17 September 2022
-------------------------------
15-­year­-old Pranav Anand becomes India’s 76th Chess Grandmaster

15-­year­-old, Pranav Anand from Bengaluru, Karnataka became India’s 76th Chess GrandMaster (GM) after winning against International Master (IM) Emin Ohanyan of Armenia. He received the title after he crossed the 2,500 Elo points in the ongoing World Youth Chess Championship in Mamaia, Romania. A month before Pranav Anand became India’s 76th GM, Pranav Venkatesh became India’s 75th Grandmaster.

Bank Maha Pack includes Live Batches, Test Series, Video Lectures & eBooks

In order to qualify for the GM title, a player must secure 3 GM norms covering 27 games and cross the live rating of 2,500 Elo points. Pranav Anand needs to cross the live rating of 2,500 which he did in the penultimate round of the World Youth Under­16 Open 2022. In July, he scored the 3rd and final GM norm at the 55th Biel Chess Festival in Switzerland. He has drawn his game against Spain’s No.5 GM Eduardo Iturrizaga Bonelli (2619) in the penultimate round.

About GrandMaster (GM):

GrandMaster is the highest title apart from World Champion awarded to Chess players International Chess Federation FIDE. India’s 1st Chess GrandMaster was won by Viswanathan Anand at the age of 14 in 1988.

World Patient Safety Day observed on 17 September

17 September 2022
-------------------------------
World Patient Safety Day observed on 17 September

World Patient Safety Day is observed every year on 17 September to create awareness about different safety measures that should be taken to ensure patient safety. The day focuses on preventing and reducing risks, errors, and harm that patients face. In modern society, it is important to understand the implications of negligent patient care and work toward modern standards regarding patient care.

Bank Maha Pack includes Live Batches, Test Series, Video Lectures & eBooks

The main objective of World Patient Safety Day is to increase public awareness, enhance global understanding and call for solidarity and united action by all countries and international partners to increase patient safety and reduce patient harm.

World Patient Safety Day 2022: Theme and Slogan

Every year, World Patient Safety Day is observed under a specific theme. This year, the theme of World Patient Safety Day 2022 is ‘Medication Safety’ along with the slogan ‘Medication Without Harm’ with a call to action to ‘Know, Check & Ask’. Medication errors and unsafe medication practices can lead to severe patient harm, disabilities, and deaths.

World Patient Day 2022: Significance

The day brings together patients, families, caregivers, communities, health workers, healthcare leaders, and policy-makers to show their commitment to patient safety. Empower and encourage patients, caregivers and family members to avoid medication errors and ensure safe use of medicines and to prevent patient harm. Advocate immediate action to promote drug safety and raise global awareness about the significant burden of medication errors and unsafe medication practices.

World Patient Safety Day: History

September 17 is one of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) global public health days called World Patient Safety Day. It was established in 2019 by the 72nd World Health Assembly through the adoption of resolution WHA 72.6 – ‘Global Action on Patient Safety ‘.

Dinesh Kumar Batra takes charge as CMD, Bharat Electronics Limited

09 Septemer 2022
-------------------------------
Dinesh Kumar Batra takes charge as CMD, Bharat Electronics Limited

Dinesh Kumar Batra, Director (Finance) & CFO, has taken additional charge as Chairman & Managing Director (CMD) of Navratna Defence PSU Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) with effect from September 1, 2022. He was instrumental in the company’s move to foray into the Electro-Explosive segment. He is also credited with BEL entering into Li-on battery packs for automobiles to support the e-Mobility programme of the Government of India. He is a member of the Board of BEL subsidiaries, BEL-Thales Systems Limited (BTSL) and BEL Optronic Devices Limited (BELOP).

Bank Maha Pack includes Live Batches, Test Series, Video Lectures & eBooks

As Director (Finance) & CFO, Mr Dinesh Kumar Batra steered BEL to achieve its highest ever turnover of Rs. 15,044 Cr and PAT of Rs. 2,349 Cr in FY 2021-22. He was instrumental in increasing BEL’s authorised capital to Mr Dinesh Kumar BatraRs. 750 Cr from Rs. 250 Cr and issuing two bonus shares for each share held by the shareholders of the company. He also played a pivotal role in obtaining necessary approvals for BEL’s highest-ever payout of 450% Dividend.

Important takeaways for all competitive exams:

• Bharat Electronics Limited  Headquarters: Bengaluru, Karnataka;
• Bharat Electronics Limited  Founded: 1954.

09th September Daily Current Affairs 2022: Today GK Updates for Bank Exam

09 Septemer 2022
-------------------------------
09th September Daily Current Affairs 2022: Today GK Updates for Bank Exam

Daily GK updates are incorporated with the important news that made the current affairs headlines for banking or other competitive exams. Daily GK Update is the complete bag of important news that is held all day long. One should have complete knowledge about banking terms, current affairs news, etc. So, here is the GK update for 09th September 2022 to help you prepare the Current affairs part. After reading this section, you can successfully attempt Current Affairs Quiz. 

Here is the Daily GK Update of the 09th September 2022 covering the following news headlines: World EV Day 2022, UNDP Human Development Index, Queen Elizabeth II, Diamond League 2022, 31st Vyas Samman, MOIL Limited.  

Top 19 Daily GK Updates: National & International News 

Here is providing below the top 19 important Daily General Knowledge 2022 updates with national & international news.

National News

1. 300 New Cargo Terminals To Boost Railway Revenue

• The Union Cabinet had approved a policy on long-term leasing of Railways' land as well as a proposal to develop 300 Gati Shakti cargo terminals over the next five years.
• A senior official said on Thursday that the Railways expect an incremental revenue of at least ₹30,000 crore per annum from freight services when 300 Gati Shakti cargo terminals will be operational.
• Once all 300 are completed, Railways will get additional revenues of at least ₹30,000 crore. This estimate is very conservative." The approved policy will help provide land leases for a longer period of up to 35 years as against five years at present. It is expected to generate about 1.25 lakh jobs.

International News

2. U.S. Announced 450 Million $ Package To Pakistan 

• The Biden Administration has approved a whopping USD 450 million F-16 fighter jet fleet sustainment programme to Pakistan.
• As a notification to the US Congress, the State Department has made a determination approving a possible foreign military sale of F-16 case for sustainment and related equipment for an estimated cost of USD 450 million, arguing that this will sustain Islamabad's capability to meet current and future counterterrorism threats by maintaining its F-16 fleet.
• This is the first major security assistance to Pakistan after Trump in 2018 had announced to stop all defense and security assistance to Pakistan alleging that Islamabad was not a partner in its fight against terrorism.

3. Mongolian President Ukhnaagiin Khurelsukh gifts horse ‘Tejas’ to Rajnath Singh

• The first Indian Defence Minister to visit Mongolia, Rajnath Singh was gifted a majestic horse "Tejas" by President Ukhnaagiin Khurelsukh. Seven years after Prime Minister Narendra Modi received a similar gift from the leadership of this country.
• In 2015, Prime Minister Modi received a special gift a brown racehorse from his then Mongolian counterpart Chimed Saikhanbileg during his historic visit to this country. The horse was named Kanthaka'.
• Defence Minister Singh is on a five-day visit to Mongolia and Japan with an aim to expand India's strategic and defence ties with the two countries in the backdrop of evolving regional security matrix and geo-political turmoil.

4. U.S. Unveils 2 Billion $ In Military Aid For Europe

• U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken made an unscheduled visit to Kyiv, as the Biden administration announced major new military aid worth more than $2 billion for Ukraine and other European countries threatened by Russia.
• In meetings with senior Ukrainian officials, Blinken said the Biden administration had notified Congress of its intent to provide $2 billion in long-term Foreign Military Financing to Ukraine and 18 of its neighbors, including NATO members and regional security partners, that are “most potentially at risk for future Russian aggression.”

States News

5. Rajasthan launched 100 days urban employment guarantee scheme

• Rajasthan government launched an ambitious scheme to provide 100 days of employment to needy families in urban areas on the lines of the rural employment guarantee scheme MGNREGA.
• More than 2.25 lakh families have already registered for the Indira Gandhi Urban Employment Scheme which was proposed by chief minister Ashok Gehlot in the state budget this year.
• The state government has allocated Rs 800 crore for the scheme. Ministers in charge of districts will launch the scheme in their respective areas.
• The ratio of material cost and remuneration cost for getting the work approved and executed of "general nature" will be 25:75, while the ratio will be reversed for the works of "special nature".
• Payments will be made in the bank accounts of the beneficiary within 15 days.
• People from the age group of 18 to 60 are eligible for the scheme. Interested families will get 100 days of employment. The scheme will be implemented in all the urban local bodies from September 9.

Appointments News

6. Ajit Kumar Saxena selected for CMD post in MOIL Limited

• The public enterprise's selection board (PESB) has selected Ajit Kumar Saxena for the post of Chairman & Managing Director of "A” Miniratna Category-I Company, MOIL Limited.
• He is currently working as Director (Operations) of RINL-Visakhapatnam Steel Plant. He had taken charge as the Director (Operations) on October 17, 2019. Prior to this assignment, he had worked as Chief General Manager, Mills, IISCO, Burnpur, Steel Authority of India Ltd.

Important takeaways for all competitive exams:

• MOIL Limited Founded: 22 June 1962.

7. Indian FMCG company Pintola named Sunil Chhetri as Brand Ambassador 

• Indian superfood brand Pintola, Fast­moving consumer goods (FMCG) company announced a renowned Indian Football Captain, Sunil Chhetri as Brand Ambassador.
• He was appointed as Pintola Brand Ambassador for his similar values of consistency and perfection with the company to promote the idea of a healthier India to this generation.
• In 20 years of Sunil’s professional career, this was his 1st ever FMCG collaboration. Pintola and Sunil Chhetri's collaboration shall open newer realms of healthy eating options in the country, adding sports enthusiasts to its existing wide consumer base.

8. Dinesh Kumar Batra takes charge as CMD, Bharat Electronics Limited

• Dinesh Kumar Batra, Director (Finance) & CFO, has taken additional charge as Chairman & Managing Director (CMD) of Navratna Defence PSU Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) with effect from September 1, 2022.
• He was instrumental in the company’s move to foray into the Electro-Explosive segment. He is also credited with BEL entering into Li-on battery packs for automobiles to support the e-Mobility programme of the Government of India. He is a member of the Board of BEL subsidiaries, BEL-Thales Systems Limited (BTSL) and BEL Optronic Devices Limited (BELOP).

Important takeaways for all competitive exams:

• Bharat Electronics Limited  Headquarters: Bengaluru, Karnataka;
• Bharat Electronics Limited  Founded: 1954.

Ranks and Reports News

9. UNDP's human development index: India ranks 132 out of 191 countries

• A report on the 2021 Human Development Index (HDI) is part of the Human Development Report 2021-2022 released by the United Nations Development Programme.
• The HDI measures the average achievement of a country in three basic dimensions of human development — a long and healthy life, education and a decent standard of living. It is calculated using four indicators — life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling, and the Gross National Income (GNI) per capita.
• India ranked 132nd among 191 countries and territories on the 2021 Human Development Index (HDI). In the 2020 report, India had ranked 131st among 189 countries and territories. The decline in the country’s performance from its previous level was on account of a fall in life expectancy.

To read the complete article: Click Here

Business News

10. Adani Group to build Giga factories as part of $70 bn investment in clean energy by 2030

• Asia's richest man Gautam Adani, a ports-to-power conglomerate will build three Giga factories for manufacturing solar modules, wind turbines, and hydrogen electrolyzers as part of a USD 70 billion investment in clean energy by 2030.
• Adani group is stepping up investments across the green energy value chain as it aims to become the world's top renewable energy producer by 2030.

Important takeaways for all competitive exams:

• Adani Group Headquarters: Ahmedabad;
• Adani Group Founder: Gautam Adani;
• Adani Group Founded: 1988.

11. Agribazaar Launches Kisan Safalta Card for Agri Financing

• Agribazaar is a private sector electronic Agri mandi, launched 'Agribazaar Kisan Safalta Card'. The Agribazaar Kisan Safalta Card is a quick and easy way to help farmers to meet their pre- and post-harvest farm requirements and allied expenses.
• Farmers can use Agribazaar Kisan Safalta Card to get financing. The funds provided can only be used to buy farm inputs and requirements.
• The card has a 12-month repayment period, which provides enough time to pay off the balance.
• The crop yield of each farmer determines the card's limit, the financing scale, and maintenance costs.
• The amount of the card is adjustable for marginal farmers, which ranges from ₹10,000 to ₹50,000.
• The maximum limit of the Agribazaar Kisan Safalta Card can be increased annually based on crop yield and repayments.
• The repayment plan can be rescheduled if crop damage occurs as a result of natural disasters.

12. LIC Introduces Non-participating, Unit-linked New Pension Plus Plan 867

• Life Insurance Company (LIC) introduced a new plan, LIC New Pension Plus 867. The LIC New Pension Plus 867 is a non-participating, unit-linked insurance plan that again comes with "guaranteed addition".
• The plan indicates that the LIC New Pension Plus 867 will provide guaranteed additions between 5% to 15% of the yearly premium.
• The LIC New Pension Plus 867 is a unit-linked pension plan which aims for building a corpus with systematic conversion into regular income on retirement after taking the annuity plan.

Bankings News

13. HDFC Bank unveils ‘Bank on Wheels’ in Gujarat

• HDFC Bank has unveiled its state-of-the-art 'Bank on Wheel' van in Gujarat. The Bank in Wheel van service will take banking services to unbanked villages.
• The Bank in Wheel van will visit remote villages located 10-25 km from the nearest branch to further financial inclusion, under the HDFC Bank's newly initiated Rural Banking Business.
• The Bank in Wheel initiative is a part of a pilot project to offer banking services in unbanked locations.
• Customers can access 21 banking products as well as services.
• The Bank in Wheel van will be operational at each location for a specific period and will cover 3 villages in a day.
• The Bank in Wheel van will reach and visit each village twice a week.
• HDFC Bank is one of India's Premier Banks providing a wide range of financial products and services using multiple distribution channels including a pan-India network.

Awards News

14. Hindi writer Dr. Asghar Wajahat awarded with 31st Vyas Samman

• The 31st Vyas Samman was conferred on to well-known Hindi writer Dr Asghar Wajahat at a function in New Delhi.
• He has been chosen for the prestigious award for his play Mahabali. In his play Mahabali, Dr. Wajahat focuses on Mughal emperor Akbar and poet Tulsidas. Through the play, he attempts to answer who is the real Mahabali, the poet or the emperor.
• The Vyas Samman is given by K K Birla Foundation for outstanding literary work in Hindi authored by an Indian citizen published during the last 10 years.
• It carries an award of Rs 4 lakh along with a citation and a plaque. It was initiated in 1991.
• Ram Vilas Sharma received the inaugural Vyas Samman in 1991 for his work ‘Bharat ke Pracheen Bhasha Parivar aur Hindi’.

Sports News

15. Diamond League 2022 Finals: Neeraj Chopra win with a throw of 88.44m

• Diamond League 2022 Finals: Neeraj Chopra gained another accomplishment when he won the Diamond League Final in Zurich.
• Neeraj Chopra has now won the Diamond League Trophy, making him the first Indian to do it. The expert javelin thrower recorded a throw of 88.44 metres on his second attempt, which was sufficient for him to win the competition.
• Neeraj Chopra registered a throw of 88.44m in his second attempt and he followed it up with an 88m throw in his third attempt and 86.11m in his fourth attempt.

Important Days

16. International Day to Protect Education from Attack: 09th September

• The International Day to Protect Education from Attack is an international observance established by a unanimous decision of the United Nations General Assembly in 2020. It is observed on September 9 of each year.
• The purpose of the day is to raise awareness regarding the importance of safeguarding schools as places of protection and safety for students and educators and the need to keep education at the top of the public agenda.
• This day was established in 2020 and is supported by UNESCO and UNICEF, and co-sponsored by 62 countries. This day aims to raise awareness of the plight of millions of children living in war-affected countries.

Important takeaways for all competitive exams:

• UNESCO headquarters: Paris, France;
• UNESCO Head: Audrey Azoulay;
• UNESCO Founded: 16 November 1945;
• UNICEF Executive Director: Henrietta H. Fore;
• UNICEF Founded: 11 December 1946;
• UNICEF Headquarters: New York, United States.

17. World EV Day 2022: History and Significance

• World EV Day 2022 is observed on the 9th of September. World EV Day is observed to emphasize the importance of e-mobility. World EV day helps to spread awareness about sustainable transport facilities to the people.
• Air pollution is mainly caused by transportation, and EVs are one of the major alternatives to decrease air pollution. The first World EV Day was observed in 2020 and was an initiative of Sustainability Media Company Greet TV. Every year, World EV Day is observed on 9th September 2022.

Obituaries News

18. Queen Elizabeth II passes away, Buckingham Palace announces

• Queen Elizabeth II passes away: Queen Elizabeth II, who reigned the UK for 70 years, passed away at Balmoral at the age of 96. After worries about her health grew early, her family gathered at her Scottish estate.
• Queen Elizabeth II saw significant social change after ascending to the throne in 1952. The King and the Queen Consort will spend today (08.09.2022) and tomorrow (09.09.22) in Balmoral before departing for London.

19. Padma Shri awardee artist Ram Chandra Manjhi passes away

• Padma Shri awardee Ramchandra Manjhi, whose performance in Bhojpuri folk dance ‘Naach’ for eight decades, has passed away. He was a famous performer of ‘Launda Naach’, a sub-set of ‘Naach’, in which men crossdress as women.
• His passion for the dance form even in old age has brought him several honours, including Sangeet Natak Akademi Award (2017) and Padma Shri (2021).

NASA’s Experiment MOXIE successfully creates oxygen on Mars

08 September 2022
-------------------------------
NASA’s Experiment MOXIE successfully creates oxygen on Mars

NASA’s Experiment MOXIE: An gadget the size of a lunchbox (MOXIE by NASA) is demonstrating its ability to consistently carry out the work of a tiny tree on the red and dusty surface of Mars, some 100 million miles from Earth. Since April 2021, roughly two months after it landed on the Martian surface as part of NASA’s Perseverance rover and Mars 2020 mission, the MIT-led Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment, or MOXIE, has been producing oxygen from the Red Planet’s carbon-dioxide-rich atmosphere.

Bank Maha Pack includes Live Batches, Test Series, Video Lectures & eBooks

Table of Contents

• NASA’s Experiment MOXIE: Key Points
• NASA’s Experiment MOXIE: Authors and Co-authors
• NASA’s Experiment MOXIE: Current Design

NASA’s Experiment MOXIE: Key Points

• Researchers say that by the end of 2021, MOXIE was able to manufacture oxygen on seven experimental runs, in a variety of atmospheric circumstances, including day and night and throughout the Martian seasons, according to a paper published in the journal Science Advances.
• The instrument produced six grammes of oxygen per hour on each run, or roughly the same amount as a small tree on Earth.
• According to researchers, a scaled-up MOXIE may be transported to Mars before a human trip to create oxygen continually at the rate of several hundred trees.
• At that capacity, the system should be able to produce enough oxygen to support people once they arrive as well as power a rocket for astronauts returning to Earth.
• As of now, MOXIE’s consistent output represents a positive first step in that direction.
• This is the first instance of utilising materials from the surface of another planetary body and chemically converting them into something useful for a human mission.

NASA’s Experiment MOXIE: Authors and Co-authors

The MOXIE team members Jason SooHoo, Andrew Liu, Eric Hinterman, Maya Nasr, Shravan Hariharan, Kyle Horn, and Parker Steen are among the co-authors from MIT alongside Hoffman and Hecht. Additionally, there are contributors from various other institutions, such as NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, which oversaw MOXIE’s development, flight software, packaging, and testing before launch.

NASA’s Experiment MOXIE: Current Design

The current MOXIE is built to run for brief times, starting up and shutting down with each run, depending on the rover’s exploration schedule and mission tasks. It is compact by design to fit within the Perseverance rover. A complete oxygen factory, however, would include larger units that ideally ran continually. MOXIE has demonstrated that, despite the inevitable trade-offs in its current architecture, it is capable of reliably and effectively converting Mars’ atmosphere into pure oxygen.